Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are typically made from semiconductor materials such as silicon, and they are widely used to generate renewable energy for various applications, including powering homes, businesses, and electronic devices. Research in the field of solar cells focuses on improving efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing the durability and reliability of these devices. Some key areas of research in solar cells include developing new materials with higher efficiency, improving the manufacturing processes to reduce production costs, and exploring new technologies such as thin-film solar cells and organic photovoltaics. Overall, research in solar cells plays a crucial role in advancing the use of solar energy as a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of electricity.